If you’re looking to transform your furniture easily and affordably, I recommend exploring a variety of decorative contact papers. From boho floral patterns and realistic wood grains to vibrant vintage designs and modern marble looks, there’s something for every style. These peel-and-stick options are simple to apply, removable, and durable, perfect for updating cabinets, counters, or furniture. Keep browsing to discover the best choices that can instantly refresh your home with a personal touch.
Key Takeaways
- Variety of styles and patterns, including floral, wood grain, marble, and vintage designs, to suit different decor preferences.
- Durable, waterproof, and stain-resistant vinyl materials ensure long-lasting protection and easy cleaning.
- Repositionable adhesive allows for easy installation, adjustments, and damage-free removal.
- Pattern matching and grid lines facilitate seamless, professional-looking application on furniture surfaces.
- Suitable for smooth, flat surfaces like countertops, shelves, and cabinets to effectively transform home interiors.
Simon&Siff Boho Peel and Stick Wallpaper, 17.3 x 80 Sun Floral Wall Mural
If you’re looking to add a vibrant, boho-inspired touch to your space, the Simon&Siff Boho Peel and Stick Wallpaper is an excellent choice. Each roll measures 17.3 inches wide by 80 inches long, covering about 9.66 square feet with thick, durable vinyl that’s easier to install than regular contact paper. The bold floral motifs feature realistic flowers and leaves, creating warmth and liveliness in any room. It’s perfect for smooth, flat surfaces, and the peel-and-stick design makes application simple—just peel, align, and stick. For seamless patterns, use multiple rolls from the same batch, and enjoy a stylish upgrade without mess.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts and homeowners seeking an easy, stylish way to add vibrant boho floral decor to their walls and surfaces.
Pros:
- Easy peel-and-stick installation with a grid on the back for precise cutting
- Durable, thick vinyl material that is more long-lasting than regular contact paper
- Unique, bold floral design crafted by experienced designers, adding warmth and vitality to any space
Cons:
- Pattern matching requires multiple rolls from the same batch for seamless look
- Best suited for smooth, flat surfaces; may not adhere well to textured walls
- Limited coverage per roll (9.66 sq ft), so larger areas may require multiple rolls
White Wood Contact Paper for Cabinets and Drawers
Looking to refresh your cabinets and drawers effortlessly? White Wood Contact Paper is a fantastic solution. It features a thickened, waterproof vinyl with a realistic wood grain pattern that instantly adds warmth and charm. The self-adhesive backing makes installation simple—just peel and stick—without mess or damage. Plus, it’s easy to trim with grid lines for precise measurements, fitting various surfaces like furniture, shelves, and countertops. When you’re ready for a change, removal is just as easy and won’t harm your surfaces. This versatile contact paper is perfect for upgrading your home decor quickly and affordably.
Best For: homeowners and DIY enthusiasts looking to easily update and protect their cabinets, drawers, and furniture surfaces with a stylish, removable contact paper.
Pros:
- Waterproof and easy to clean, durable for daily use
- Self-adhesive backing for simple peel-and-stick application
- Fits various surfaces with precise measurement using grid lines
Cons:
- May require careful trimming to avoid air bubbles or misalignment
- Adhesive might lose stickiness over time in humid environments
- Not suitable for highly textured or uneven surfaces
Orainege Vintage Floral Peel and Stick Wallpaper
The Orainege Vintage Floral Peel and Stick Wallpaper stands out with its thickened vinyl material and strong, removable adhesive, making it perfect for anyone seeking a durable, damage-free decorating solution. Its design, inspired by oil paintings, features full, vibrant colors on a dark background that enhances the floral patterns without clutter. Easy to apply with peel-and-stick convenience, it requires no extra glue and can be cut easily with the back grid lines. Waterproof and oil-proof, it’s simple to clean and versatile enough for walls, furniture, or cabinets. Plus, it leaves no residue, so you can remove or reposition it effortlessly whenever you want a fresh look.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts, renters, and homeowners looking for a stylish, damage-free way to decorate walls, furniture, or cabinets with vibrant floral designs.
Pros:
- Thickened vinyl with strong, removable adhesive ensures durability and easy repositioning
- Easy peel-and-stick installation with grid lines simplifies cutting and application
- Waterproof and oil-proof surface makes it simple to clean and maintain
Cons:
- Slight chromatic aberration may occur due to lighting conditions, affecting color consistency
- Requires purchasing enough rolls from the same batch for uniform color matching
- Limited to smooth, dry surfaces for optimal adhesion and appearance
Dimoon Green Peel and Stick Wallpaper Contact Paper
For anyone seeking an easy and affordable way to refresh their space, Dimoon Green Peel and Stick Wallpaper Contact Paper offers a modern, self-adhesive solution. Measuring 118×17.7 inches, it’s made of textured vinyl that’s waterproof, stain-resistant, and easy to clean. Its dark green color, inspired by Morandis, adds a rich, elegant touch to furniture, walls, or cabinets. The peel-and-stick application is straightforward, and it’s removable without leaving residue, making it renter-friendly. Users praise its durability, vibrant appearance, and textured finish, which mimics paint from a distance. Perfect for DIY projects, it’s a versatile choice to elevate any room effortlessly.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts and renters seeking an easy, affordable way to update walls, furniture, or cabinets with a stylish, textured green finish.
Pros:
- Easy peel-and-stick application with no residue for quick DIY projects.
- Waterproof, stain-resistant, and durable surface that maintains vibrant color over time.
- Textured embossed pattern that mimics paint, adding an elegant look from a distance.
Cons:
- Visible creases may occur if bent or folded during application.
- Limited size and color options may require multiple purchases for large projects.
- Slight difficulty in achieving perfectly smooth surfaces on curved or intricate areas.
PracticalWs Marble Contact Paper for Kitchen & Furniture
PracticalWs Marble Contact Paper is an excellent choice for DIY enthusiasts and homeowners seeking an affordable way to upgrade kitchen and furniture surfaces. Its glossy finish features a realistic white and gray marble pattern with subtle brown undertones, adding elegance to any space. Measuring 11.8 inches by 78.7 inches, it’s perfect for refurbishing countertops, furniture, or walls. Made from thickened, wear-resistant PVC, it’s easy to apply without glue, and can be cut to fit custom shapes. With its quick, budget-friendly installation, PracticalWs transforms old or damaged surfaces into stylish, durable features, giving your home a fresh, sophisticated look with minimal effort.
Best For: homeowners and DIY enthusiasts looking for an affordable, easy-to-apply solution to upgrade kitchen countertops, furniture, and walls with a realistic marble appearance.
Pros:
- Realistic marble pattern with glossy finish enhances aesthetic appeal
- Easy to cut, shape, and apply without additional glue or tools
- Durable, wear-resistant PVC material suitable for various surfaces
Cons:
- Not recommended for rough or wet surfaces where moisture can affect adhesion
- May require caulking for seamless joints during installation
- Slight color or pattern variation may occur due to lighting conditions in photos
Abyssaly Black Wood Peel and Stick Wallpaper, Self-Adhesive Contact Paper
If you’re looking to upgrade your furniture or surfaces easily and affordably, Abyssaly Black Wood Peel and Stick Wallpaper is an excellent choice. It measures about 17.7 inches by 78.7 inches, covering roughly 9.7 square feet, and features a realistic wood grain pattern with a stain-resistant, easy-to-clean surface. Its self-adhesive backing allows for quick, no-mess application to cabinets, drawers, or shelves. Most users find it simple to install and reposition if needed, making it perfect for DIY projects. While some occasional peeling or bubbling can occur, especially over time, its durability and realistic appearance make it a popular, budget-friendly option for transforming furniture and decor.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts and homeowners seeking an affordable, easy-to-install solution for upgrading furniture and surfaces with a realistic black wood grain appearance.
Pros:
- Easy to apply and reposition during installation, reducing errors and bubbles
- Realistic wood grain pattern with stain-resistant and easy-to-clean surface
- Affordable option that effectively conceals imperfections and enhances decor
Cons:
- May peel or bubble over time, especially on edges or textured surfaces
- Some users experience inconsistent adhesion or tearing during installation
- Limited options for returns or exchanges if the product does not meet expectations
Heroad Peel and Stick Wood Grain Contact Paper for Cabinets and Countertops
Heroad Peel and Stick Wood Grain Contact Paper is an excellent choice for anyone looking to effortlessly upgrade their cabinets and countertops with a natural wood look. Established in 2018, Heroad specializes in wood grain designs, offering hundreds of patterns created by an independent design team. Each roll measures 17.7 by 78.7 inches, covering about 9.5 square feet, with a wood plank width of 2.4 inches and an 18-inch pattern repeat. Made from waterproof faux vinyl, it’s easy to apply, peel off, and remove without damage. Perfect for indoor flat surfaces like furniture and walls, it provides a beautiful, durable finish to transform your space.
Best For: homeowners or renters seeking an easy, affordable way to update and protect their cabinets, countertops, and flat surfaces with a realistic wood grain look.
Pros:
- Easy to install and remove without damaging surfaces
- Waterproof and suitable for indoor use on various flat surfaces
- Wide variety of patterns and designs created by an independent design team
Cons:
- Not suitable for bathroom environments due to moisture exposure
- Limited to smooth, flat surfaces; may not adhere well to textured or uneven surfaces
- The pattern repeat of 18 inches may be noticeable on larger areas or when aligning patterns
Self Adhesive Floral Drawer and Shelf Liner, Peel and Stick Wallpaper (17.7×117 Inches)
This self-adhesive floral contact paper is perfect for anyone looking to add a vibrant, botanical touch to their home decor or DIY projects. Its watercolor-style, multicolor floral pattern creates a lively, textured look on walls, cabinets, drawers, and shelves. Measuring 17.7 inches wide by 117 inches long, it covers about 14.38 square feet and is made from water-resistant, reusable vinyl with a water-based adhesive. Easy to cut, reposition, and clean, it’s ideal for brightening up kitchens, bathrooms, or craft projects. Users love its affordability and attractive design, though some note colors can appear muted and adhesion may vary in humid conditions.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts and homeowners seeking an affordable, decorative solution for updating furniture, drawers, shelves, or small wall areas with vibrant floral patterns.
Pros:
- Easy to cut, apply, and reposition without residue, making DIY projects simple and forgiving
- Water-resistant, stain-resistant, and easy to clean, suitable for kitchens and bathrooms
- Attractive multicolor floral design adds a lively, textured aesthetic to various surfaces
Cons:
- Colors may appear muted or less vibrant than online images
- Adhesion can weaken in humid conditions, causing peeling or lifting
- Inconsistent stickiness across different rolls may complicate installation
Self-Adhesive Colorful Floral Shelf Liner Contact Paper
Looking to instantly brighten up your space with a splash of color and pattern? The Self-Adhesive Colorful Floral Shelf Liner Contact Paper is a fantastic choice. Measuring 17.7 inches by 117 inches, it features vibrant watercolor floral and botanical designs that add cheer to any surface. Made from water-resistant vinyl with a removable, repositionable adhesive, it’s perfect for cabinets, shelves, or walls. Its durable, stain- and waterproof material withstands spills and moisture, making it ideal for kitchens or bathrooms. Plus, it’s easy to cut and apply, instantly transforming dull furniture or surfaces into lively, eye-catching pieces.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts, renters, and anyone looking to add a quick, colorful upgrade to their home decor without permanent changes.
Pros:
- Easy to install and reposition thanks to its forgiving adhesive.
- Waterproof, stain-resistant, and durable vinyl suitable for kitchens, bathrooms, and high-moisture areas.
- Bright, cheerful floral pattern that instantly enhances and personalizes any space.
Cons:
- Large pattern repeats may require careful alignment when covering larger surfaces.
- May need extra material for matching patterns and making precise cuts.
- Limited to smooth surfaces; may not adhere well to textured or uneven surfaces.
Very Berry Gold Peel and Stick Wallpaper (15.7 x 78 inches, 1 Pack)
If you’re seeking a stylish, easy-to-install solution to upgrade your furniture or walls, the Very Berry Gold Peel and Stick Wallpaper is an excellent choice. This radiant gold contact paper measures 15.7 x 78 inches and transforms surfaces instantly with a luxurious textured finish. Made from thicker PVC vinyl, it offers strong coverage, durability, and resistance to water, heat, stains, and scratches, ensuring long-lasting beauty. Its repositionable, removable design makes it perfect for renters or DIY projects, allowing for easy adjustments without damage. Users love its high-quality appearance, ease of application, and ability to hide imperfections, making it a versatile and elegant upgrade for any space.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts, renters, and homeowners seeking an easy, stylish way to upgrade furniture or walls with a durable, gold textured wallpaper.
Pros:
- Easy to apply and reposition without damage, ideal for renters and DIY projects
- Thick, sturdy vinyl with a textured finish offers a luxurious appearance and strong coverage
- Waterproof, heat resistant, and scratch-proof, ensuring long-lasting beauty and durability
Cons:
- Removal after long-term use can sometimes be challenging and may leave residue
- May require precise cutting and alignment to achieve a seamless look due to pattern matching
- As a wallpaper, it may not adhere as well to highly textured or uneven surfaces
Arthome Self-Adhesive Blue Rustic Wood Wallpaper
The Arthome Self-Adhesive Blue Rustic Wood Wallpaper is perfect for anyone seeking a versatile, easy-to-install solution to upgrade their space with a vintage wooden look. Measuring 17 inches by 120 inches, it covers about 14.2 square feet, making it suitable for various projects. Crafted from waterproof, oil-proof, and dust-proof PVC vinyl, it’s simple to clean and maintain. The peel-and-stick design features grid lines for precise cutting, and its removable adhesive allows for damage-free repositioning. You can easily apply it to furniture, walls, or decor items, transforming your space with minimal effort and a charming rustic aesthetic.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts and homeowners looking for an easy, stylish way to refurbish furniture or walls with a rustic wooden aesthetic.
Pros:
- Waterproof, oil-proof, and dust-proof material for easy maintenance
- Removable adhesive allows damage-free repositioning and temporary use
- Large coverage per roll offers versatile application across various projects
Cons:
- Self-adhesive vinyl may not adhere perfectly to textured or uneven surfaces
- Can be challenging to align perfectly on large or complex surfaces without wrinkles
- May not be suitable for outdoor use or areas with high moisture exposure over long periods
Timeet Blue Waterproof Contact Paper 17.7×78.7
Timeet Blue Waterproof Contact Paper is an excellent choice for anyone seeking a durable, stylish surface upgrade in moisture-prone areas. Measuring 17.7 inches by 78.7 inches, it covers nearly 10 square feet with a glossy, tile-like pattern that adds a modern touch. Made from thick PVC, it’s waterproof, oil-proof, stain-resistant, washable, and slip-resistant, making it perfect for kitchens and bathrooms. Its peel-and-stick design allows for easy application on countertops, shelves, or cabinets. With grid lines for precise cutting and positive customer reviews highlighting its durability and aesthetic appeal, this contact paper offers a cost-effective, attractive solution for transforming surfaces effortlessly.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts and homeowners seeking a stylish, waterproof surface upgrade in kitchens, bathrooms, or on furniture surfaces.
Pros:
- Easy to apply with peel-and-stick design, suitable for quick DIY projects
- Waterproof, stain-resistant, and durable PVC material ideal for moisture-prone areas
- Cost-effective alternative to tiling, providing a modern tile-like appearance
Cons:
- May peel or lift if not properly applied or on textured surfaces
- Limited to surfaces within the specified size; requires trimming for custom fit
- Some users report occasional issues with bubbles or adhesion on certain materials
Self Adhesive 70s Vintage Floral Contact Paper for Walls and Furniture
For anyone looking to add a vintage, floral touch to their home decor, this self-adhesive 70s floral contact paper is an excellent choice. Its dark, blue floral pattern brings a nostalgic, sophisticated vibe to walls, furniture, or cabinetry. Made from water-resistant vinyl with a repositionable adhesive, it’s easy to install and remove without residue. The grid on the back helps measure and cut accurately, while its stain-resistant surface makes cleaning effortless. Whether updating a kitchen, bathroom, or craft project, this contact paper offers a stylish, versatile option that transforms spaces with a retro floral flair. Its durability and attractive design make it a popular DIY solution.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts and homeowners seeking a stylish, vintage floral update for walls, furniture, or craft projects with an easy-to-apply, removable contact paper.
Pros:
- Attractive 70s vintage floral design adds nostalgic charm to any space
- Repositionable and removable with no sticky residue, simplifying installation and adjustments
- Water-resistant and stain-resistant surface makes it easy to clean and suitable for moist areas
Cons:
- Thin material may tear or split during cutting or application, requiring careful handling
- Some surfaces may pose adhesion challenges, especially rough or uneven ones
- Overlapping edges or lining drawers may be necessary for secure adhesion, adding extra steps
Factors to Consider When Choosing Decorative Contact Papers for Furniture
When selecting decorative contact papers for furniture, I focus on factors like material durability, thickness, and how well they stick and can be repositioned. I also consider how the pattern and color match my existing decor, along with the surface compatibility and finish. Finally, I look at how easy they are to apply and what tools I’ll need to get a smooth, professional look.
Material Durability and Thickness
Choosing the right decorative contact paper depends heavily on its thickness, as this directly influences its durability and resistance to everyday wear. Thicker papers generally withstand tears, scratches, and stains better, helping your furniture look new longer. They also do a better job of hiding surface imperfections, giving a smoother, more polished appearance. Higher-density vinyl or PVC layers create a more rigid feel, reducing wrinkling or bubbling during installation. Plus, increased thickness often results in a more realistic texture, mimicking natural materials like wood or stone more convincingly. However, keep in mind that thicker contact papers can be harder to cut precisely and handle during application. Balancing durability with ease of installation is key to selecting the best contact paper for your furniture project.
Adhesion Strength and Repositionability
Adhesion strength plays a crucial role in ensuring that decorative contact paper stays securely attached to furniture surfaces over time. A strong adhesive prevents peeling and slipping, especially on high-traffic or vertical areas. However, I also consider repositionability, which allows me to adjust the paper during installation for perfect alignment. Repositionable contact papers make the process easier and reduce errors. The ability to reposition without leaving residue depends on the adhesive quality and the smoothness of the surface. I find that overly strong adhesion can make repositioning difficult and may damage surfaces when removed. Thus, I look for a balance—enough adhesion to stay put but enough flexibility to adjust if needed, considering factors like surface material, cleanliness, and environmental conditions.
Pattern and Color Matching
Selecting decorative contact paper involves more than just picking a color or pattern; it’s about ensuring the design aligns seamlessly with your furniture and decor. I always check that the pattern has a clear, consistent repeat and follow matching instructions to align designs smoothly without overlaps. When choosing colors, I consider how lighting and display differences might affect how the pattern looks in my space. It’s important to match the pattern’s scale to the furniture size—large motifs need careful placement for balance. I also use multiple rolls from the same batch to avoid color discrepancies and pattern mismatches on big projects. Finally, I pay attention to the pattern’s directionality and matching method—whether straight or offset—to achieve a cohesive, professional finish.
Surface Compatibility and Finish
Since the surface you’re applying contact paper to can affect its durability and appearance, it’s crucial to guarantee compatibility with materials like wood, laminate, or metal. Make sure the contact paper is designed for smooth, flat surfaces to ensure proper adhesion and longevity. Choosing the right finish—be it matte, glossy, or textured—can enhance your furniture’s look and match your style. Be mindful of the adhesive; it should suit the surface to prevent peeling or bubbles over time. Thickness matters too; thicker options can better hide imperfections and feel more substantial. Finally, consider finishes that resist moisture, scratches, and stains, especially if your furniture is exposed to humid environments or frequent use. These factors ensure a professional, lasting result.
Application Ease and Tools Needed
Applying decorative contact paper can be straightforward when you choose the right product and tools. Many contact papers feature grid lines on the backing, which makes measuring and cutting much easier. Peel-and-stick designs are forgiving, allowing you to reposition the paper during installation to align patterns and reduce errors. Thicker vinyl options tend to be more forgiving, minimizing wrinkles and bubbles. However, some projects may require tools like craft knives, scissors, or spatulas to achieve smooth, sharp edges and to eliminate air bubbles effectively. Proper surface preparation, including cleaning and smoothing the furniture, is essential for a secure, bubble-free application. Overall, selecting a contact paper that suits your comfort level with tools and application complexity can make transforming your furniture a hassle-free experience.
Water and Stain Resistance
When choosing decorative contact paper for furniture, considering water and stain resistance can make a big difference in how well it holds up over time. Water-resistant contact papers, made from waterproof vinyl or PVC, prevent liquids from seeping through and damaging surfaces. Stain-resistant options feature a coating that repels dirt and liquids, making cleaning easier and maintaining their appearance longer. The thickness and embossed patterns not only add durability but also help hide minor surface imperfections. Sealed edges and high-quality adhesive are essential to prevent water from seeping at seams or joints, boosting overall resistance. To maintain their protective qualities, I recommend cleaning with a damp cloth and avoiding harsh chemicals. Proper care ensures your contact paper stays attractive and functional for years.
Size Options and Coverage
Are you unsure how much contact paper you’ll need to cover your furniture? To figure that out, measure your pieces carefully, noting their length and width. Contact papers typically come in rolls ranging from 78 to 118 inches long, with widths of about 17 to 18 inches, which suits most furniture surfaces. For larger areas like tabletops or cabinets, you might need to buy multiple rolls or look for wider sheets to avoid seams. Knowing the exact coverage per roll helps prevent shortages during application. Also, consider the pattern repeat length if your design has a specific pattern; matching repeats across sheets ensures a seamless look. Taking these factors into account guarantees you purchase the right amount of contact paper for your project.
Removal and Reusability
Choosing contact paper for your furniture also means considering how easily it can be removed or reused later on. Most removable contact papers are designed to peel off cleanly without leaving residue, making it simple to switch designs or reposition them. Reusable options typically feature a low-tack adhesive that allows multiple adjustments without damaging surfaces or losing stickiness. Keep in mind, though, that removal is usually limited to smooth, non-porous surfaces—textured or porous materials may cause damage or residue. While some contact papers are marketed as reusable, frequent removal can weaken their adhesive over time. Proper techniques, like peeling slowly at a 45-degree angle, help prevent tearing and surface damage, maximizing reusability and extending the lifespan of your contact paper.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Durable Are Different Contact Paper Materials Over Time?
Different contact paper materials vary in durability over time. I’ve found that vinyl options tend to last longest, resisting scratches and moisture well, especially if applied properly. Foil papers are more delicate and can peel or tear easily with heavy use. Matte finishes may scuff more quickly than glossy ones. Overall, selecting a high-quality, adhesive-backed vinyl and applying it carefully guarantees your contact paper stays looking great for years.
Can Contact Paper Be Removed Without Damaging Furniture Surfaces?
Did you know that most contact papers can be removed without damaging your furniture? I’ve found that gentle peeling often works best, especially if you start at a corner and slowly lift. Using a bit of heat from a hairdryer can also loosen the adhesive, making removal easier. I always recommend testing a small area first, but in most cases, you can change your decor without leaving a mark.
Which Contact Papers Are Best Suited for High-Moisture Areas?
If you’re looking for contact papers suited for high-moisture areas, I recommend waterproof and vinyl options. These materials resist water and humidity, making them ideal for kitchens and bathrooms. I’ve used brands like Con-Tact Brand’s waterproof series and vinyl contact papers that hold up well against moisture. Just guarantee you choose a product explicitly labeled for wet environments to keep your surfaces protected and looking great longer.
How Do I Prevent Bubbles and Wrinkles During Application?
Think of applying contact paper like smoothing out wrinkles on a shirt; patience is key. I start by peeling back a small section and using a squeegee or credit card to press out bubbles as I go. Keep the paper taut and work slowly, especially around edges. If a bubble appears, gently lift and reapply, working from the center outward. Practice makes perfect in achieving a smooth finish.
Are There Eco-Friendly or Non-Toxic Contact Paper Options Available?
Yes, there are eco-friendly and non-toxic contact paper options available. I recommend looking for products labeled as biodegradable, made from recycled materials, or free from harmful chemicals like VOCs and phthalates. Brands like Chasing Paper, WallPops, and EcoPoxy offer environmentally conscious choices. Always check the labels and product descriptions to verify they meet your eco-friendly standards, and you’ll enjoy a stylish, safe upgrade for your home.
Conclusion
Think of choosing the right contact paper like picking the perfect outfit—you want it to reflect your style and fit just right. I once transformed an old dresser with a vibrant floral peel-and-stick paper, and it instantly became the centerpiece of my room. With so many options out there, you’re bound to find one that turns your furniture into a statement piece. Just remember, the right choice can truly breathe new life into your home, one peel at a time.
